Blindstrom for Kazimir

A reflection on censorship and cancellation

Berlin, DE
2023

“Blindstrom is a disruptive charge
that lingers in a closed circuit—
never fully consumed by the devices it powers.
It is what remains
when we believe we’ve let something go.”

 

This installation features a series of paired white and black rectangles, arranged to evoke the minimalism and geometric abstraction of Kazimir Malevich’s iconic works, particularly his suprematist compositions. Malevich, who was born in Kyiv, Ukraine, is often mistakenly referred to as a Russian artist, a reflection of the complex historical and political narratives that have shaped the understanding of Eastern European art. His legacy, like that of many Ukrainian artists, was marked by state censorship, confiscation, and at times, the deliberate erasure of works during periods of political repression.

 

In the 1920s and 1930s, under Soviet rule and during the German occupation, many Ukrainian artists faced intense scrutiny, with their works being seized or destroyed. Malevich’s paintings, along with others, were hidden, confiscated, or even painted over during these tumultuous times. Remarkably, some of these works survived the Nazi looting and were later restituted to Ukraine, only to be concealed in a secret collection known as the Spezfond during the Soviet era. These works are now housed in the National Art Museum of Ukraine (NAMU).

 

The artist of this installation references the historical damage to Malevich’s works, specifically the traces of abrasion and physical wear that occurred due to their turbulent past. The installation incorporates tactile black panels that capture these marks of damage. While some of the black panels can be physically touched, the accompanying white rectangles serve as a metaphor for the absence of the original artworks. They evoke the sense that the paintings once existed in these spaces but have now vanished, either physically or culturally, due to political erasure.

 

The installation’s minimalism and use of contrasting black and white rectangles not only evoke the visual language of Malevich’s suprematism but also serve as a poignant reminder of the broader history of cultural loss and suppression under political regimes. The white rectangles suggest a void, symbolizing the loss of artistic heritage, while the tactile black panels—inviting touch—offer a way for viewers to engage with the residual history of the artwork, connecting the present to the traces of the past.

Painting showing three poor boys in the street and the black-and-white reproduction of the damages on the canvas.

Iryna Zhdanko, “Homeless,” around 1928

In 1928, Iryna Zhdanko painted a powerful and poignant work called Homeless. The canvas tells the story of three boys in tattered clothes, one of whom is huddled on the ground. After the war and revolution, many children in Ukraine were left without families, a crisis that was often swept under the rug.

Zhdanko, born in Kyiv, had just finished her studies at the Kyiv Art Institute when she painted this piece. She worked with whatever materials she could find — the canvas itself was sewn from scraps of fabric. The painting was displayed at the All-Ukrainian Jubilee Exhibition, celebrating ten years since the October Revolution, and later joined the Ukrainian State Gallery in Kharkiv.

In 1939, it was confiscated and hidden in the secret ‘Spezfund’ collection. During the German occupation, it was looted and labeled ‘degenerative Soviet art.’ It took four years after World War II for it to be returned — first to Leningrad, then to Moscow, and finally to Kyiv.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Painting showing a still life with colorful objects, and a black-and-white reproduction of the damages on the canvas.

Alexis Gritchenko, Still Life with Agave, around 1929

This piece was created between 1915 and 1918, a time when Gritchenko was deeply involved in Moscow’s avant-garde scene. Gritchenko wasn’t just painting; he was innovating. He developed a style he called ‘dynamocolor,’ blending the sharp angles of cubism with the traditional forms of Byzantine icon painting. Gritchenko’s art was a bridge between old and new, tradition and modernity.

The painting ended up at the Tretyakov Gallery, with a note recording its acquisition. But history wasn’t kind to it. In 1929, it was sent to the Kyiv Art Gallery, passed between different museums, and finally banned in 1939 as an example of ‘formalism’ — the Stalinist term for avant-garde art.

Gritchenko himself was born in the Chernihiv region, now Sumy, Ukraine. He studied in Kyiv and Moscow, taught at the Ilya Mashkov Art School, and was an active member of the revolutionary left-wing art scene.

In 1919, he fled to Istanbul, where he then settled in France, living in exile until 1977. Though he longed to return to Kyiv, his requests to visit were denied. In his later years, he said, “I was more than ninety years old… And life put some pressure on me.”

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Painting of a civil uprest and black-and-white reproduction of the paintings damages.

Iryna Beklemisha, “Worker’s Uprising,” around 1930

Irina Beklemisha’s painting, often called “The Rise of the Workers,” captures a moment of upheaval. The exact date and even the definitive title are uncertain — some documents call it The Shooting. What we do know is that it was likely painted in the late 1920s or early 1930s, when Beklemisha was a student at the Kyiv Art School.

She once wrote, “I wanted to know more about the new constructionist trends and break away from academism.” Her painting shows that spirit — street protests with workers on one side and armed police on the other. In 1938, the authorities seized the painting, labeling it “formalistically executed.”

Beklemisha’s life was no less dramatic. Born in Kyiv in 1899, she faced constant material hardship but still found ways to be part of Ukraine’s vibrant art scene. She joined both the Association of Revolutionary Art and the Organization of Contemporary Art of Ukraine. After years of teaching, she was deported to Germany during the Nazi occupation but survived to return to Kyiv, where she passed away in 1988.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Original portraiture painting with reproduction of traces showing a man without face.

Isaak Brodsky, “Portrait of Unknown,” around 1929

Isaac Brodsky’s Portrait of Rykov is a striking example of official Soviet art. Brodsky, born in 1883 near Kryvyj Rih, trained at the Odesa Art School and made his name with epic realism, documenting the Soviet leadership in a grand, heroic style.

This portrait, painted in 1929, shows Alexey Rykov, the head of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. It was likely a commissioned work designed to glorify Rykov’s leadership. But history caught up with them both. In 1937, Rykov was branded an ‘enemy of the people,’ arrested, and executed. Around that time, the painting was confiscated, and the face of Rykov was scratched off the canvas — a chilling reminder of how art was manipulated under Stalin’s regime.

Despite his official status, Brodsky’s painting disappeared from exhibitions, quietly hidden away in Kyiv’s secret Spezfund collection.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Painting depicting a violent scene of fighting people and the black-and-white reproduction of the damages on the canvas.

Hryhoriy Khzhnyak, “Tragedy of Tripilia,” around 1929

Our next panel brings us to the village of Trypillia, near Kyiv, and a painting titled “Trypillian Tragedy” by Hryhoriy Khyzhnyak. The exact date of the painting is a bit of a mystery, but it likely came together in the late 1920s or early 1930s.

The story it tells is set ten years earlier, in the summer of 1919, when Red Army units and Komsomol officers tried to seize control of Trypillia. They fell into an ambush by the troops of Danylo Terpylo, also known as the Green Ataman. The event left a deep scar in Ukrainian history, and Khyzhnyak captured it with haunting clarity.

Born in Kyiv in 1899, Khyzhnyak was a student of the Kyiv Art Institute and a member of the Association of Revolutionary Arts of Ukraine from 1927. His work often echoed the turbulent spirit of his times, but in 1950, it was branded ‘formalism,’ and he was expelled from the trade union and all associations. He continued painting in Kyiv until his death in 1975.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Painting showing an old womand on a chair and a black-and-white-reproduction of damages of the canvas.

Anonymous, “Portrait of Post Woman,” around 1929

The painting “Postwoman,” also known as “Woman at the Table,” was probably created in the late 1920s. It’s a tempera on canvas piece, its author unknown to this day. It was confiscated in 1939 and labeled with a generic title that reflected its subject.

The style and technique hint that it might be the work of Kataryna Borodina, but no solid evidence confirms that. The painting stayed hidden in Kyiv’s Spezfund collection until it was finally displayed in the 1990s during the ‘Boychukism’ exhibition.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Painting showing a man speaking in front of a crowd with the a black-and-write

Katarina Borodina, “The Village Council,” around 1928

Kataryna Borodina’s “The Village Council” tells the story of Ukrainian village life after the revolution. Although she claimed she was born in 1895, baptism records place her earlier in Kyiv’s Old Town. She studied under Mykhailo Boychuk at the Ukrainian Arts Academy and became known for her tempera paintings on canvas, like this one.

The painting was part of the Ten Years of October exhibition, which toured cities across Ukraine. But Borodina’s struggles with poverty and health were constant, and she died young in 1928. After her death, her work was criticized for its “formalist language,” and in 1938, “The Village Council” was confiscated and hidden in the Spezfund collection.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025

Heavily damaged landscape painting with a man and a black-and-white reproductions of the paintings damages on the canvas.

Vasyl Sedlyar, “The Shooting of Mezhyhirya,” 1927

The final story in this series takes us to “The Shooting in Mezhyhirya” by Vasyl Sedlyar. Created in 1927, the canvas was badly damaged over time, with more than 60% of the colors scratched off and chemically erased. What remains is the depiction of a peasant and villagers standing in front of rural houses.

For a long time, the subject of the painting was unrecognizable—until a postcard surfaced. It was published in 1929 by the “Ukrainian Workers” publishing house and referred to the “Ten Years of October” exhibition, which took place in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, Luhansk, and Makeevka.

The reproduction of the painting on the postcard revealed its original scene: a war crime committed by Tsarist troops. The image shows peasants being executed in the village of Mezhyriya, near Kyiv, for allegedly collaborating with the Red Army.

The artist Vasyl Sedlyar served as the head of the Mezhyhirya Technical School for Art and Ceramics from 1923 to 1930. The painting was likely inspired by stories from local residents.

Created with tempera on canvas, the painting was probably produced between the summer and autumn of 1927 in preparation for the “Ten Years of October” exhibition. The work skillfully combines the formal language of traditional icon painting with emerging trends in formalism.

Following the exhibition’s success, the painting was selected for the 17th Venice Biennale. However, its inclusion drew criticism. Art critic Anton Komashko, a strong proponent of realist painting, launched a defamation campaign against Sedlyar and attempted to cancel his participation in the Venice Biennale, although he was unsuccessful.

After the Biennale, the painting was not immediately returned to Ukraine. According to transport records, it remained in Europe, with stops in Bern, Geneva, and Zurich.

In 1932, two years later, Sedlyar appealed to the General Society for Cultural Relations Abroad for the restitution of his artwork. He was asked to provide evidence of the painting’s existence. That evidence came in the form of the same 1929 postcard from the “Ten Years of October” exhibition, ultimately helping identify the damaged canvas.

In 1937, the painting was confiscated due to its formalist style. It was transferred to the SpezFund collection of the State Museum of Ukrainian Art—a repository for censored artworks.

 

Process image reconstructing the damages on canvasses of paintings from the former Spez Fund collection conserved in the depot of the National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv.

©Photo and trace-rendering: Kaabi-Linke Studio / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn, 2025